大学英语四级考试2018年12月真题第二套

大学英语四级考试2018年12月真题（第二套）PartIWriting30minutesDirections:Forthispartyouareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthechallengesofstudyingabroad.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartIIListeningComprehension25minutesSectionADirections:Inthissectionyouwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreportyouwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.AfteryouhearaquestionyoumustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedABCandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

1.AArescueworkergottrappedinthebasement.CAbeamabouttenfeetlongcollapsedtotheground.BAdeserted100-year-oldbuildingcaughtfire.DAmanwaspulledtosafetyafterabuildingcollapse.

2.AHeonceservedinafiredepartment.CHesufferedafatalinjuryinanaccident.BHewascollectingbuildingmaterials.DHemovedintohisneighbor’soldhouse.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

3.ALaunchacampaigntopromotemathsteaching.CChangeBritishpeople’snegativeviewofmaths.BHelpBritishpeopleunderstandtheirpaychecks.DImprovethemathsskillsofhighschoolteachers.

4.APrimaryschoolteachersunderstandbasicmathsconcepts.BBritishpeopleknowhowtodoelementarycalculations.CThepublicseesthevalueofmathsintheirlife.DChildrentakemathscoursesatanearlierage.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

5.AHeislearningtobeapilot.CHeregardshisroyaldutiesasaburden.BHeownsafleetofaircraft.DHeheldapart-timejobforover20years.

6.AHecanchangehisfocusofattentionandrelax.CHecanshowhisdifferencefromotherroyalty.BHecandemonstratehissuperiorpilotingskills.DHecancomeintoclosercontactwithhispeople.

7.ATheyenjoyedhiscompany.CTheyweresurprisedtoseehim.BTheyrarelyrecognisedhim.DTheylikedhiminhisuniform.SectionBDirections:Inthissectionyouwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversationyouwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.AfteryouhearaquestionyoumustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedABCandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

8.ATheysawabusinessopportunitythere.CItdidn’tneedmuchcapitaltostartwith.BWoodsupplywasplentifulinRomania.DTheywereskilledcarpentersthemselves.

9.AOpensomemorebranchcompaniesinGermany.CAttractforeigninvestmenttoexpandbusiness.BEnlargetheircompanybyhiringmoreworkers.DProvidequalityfurnitureataffordableprices.

10.ATheyarefromherhometown.CTheyareimportedfromGermany.BTheyallcomefromRomania.DTheycomefromalloverthecontinent.

11.AThroughouttheworld.CAllacrossEurope.BMostlyinBucharest.DInRomaniaonly.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

12.AAttendtheopeningofalocalrestaurant.CTryoutanewrestauranttogetherintown.BGowithhimtochooseapearlforSusan.DGotoaconcertwithhimandhisgirlfriend.

13.AItprovidesinformationonlocalevents.CItspecializesinfoodadvertising.BItisespeciallypopularwiththeyoung.DItissponsoredbylocalrestaurants.

14.ATheyparticipateinavarietyofsocialevents.CTheytreatthemselvestovariousentertainments.BTheygotoeatatdifferentstylishrestaurants.DTheydesignaspecialsetofmenusforthemselves.

15.AMoretypesoffoodwillbeservedthisRestaurantWeek.BBiggerdiscountswillbeofferedthisRestaurantWeek.CMorerestaurantswilljoinRestaurantWeek.DThisyear’sRestaurantWeekwillstartsoon.SectionCDirections:Inthissectionyouwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassageyouwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.AfteryouhearaquestionyoumustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedABCandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

16.AExplainingthebenefitsofeatingvegetablestothem.CImprovingthetasteofvegetabledishesforthem.BExposingthemtovegetablesrepeatedly.DRewardingthemforeatingvegetables.

17.ATheywereconsideredmostnutritious.CTheywereleastusedinBelgiancooking.BTheywereessentialtochildren’shealth.DTheyweredislikedmostbychildren.

18.AChildren’schoicesoffoodvarygreatly.CChildren’seatinghabitscanbechanged.BParentswatchcloselywhatchildreneat.DVegetablesdifferintheirnutritionalvalue.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

19.AAlotofgarbagehasbeenleftonthemoon.CIndiahasmanyspaceexplorationprograms.BThereisquitealottolearnaboutthemoon.DSpaceexplorationhasseriousconsequences.

20.AItisriskytodestroy.CItiscostlytobringback.BItisofnouseonEarth.DItisdamagedbyradiation.

21.ARecorddetailsofspaceexploration.BMonitorthechangeoflunarweather.CExplorethepossibilityofhumansettlementonthemoon.DStudytheeffectofradiationandvacuumonitsmaterials.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

22.AItwillhavetobegovernedbyspecificrules.BItwillgraduallybereplacedbysocialmedia.CItislikelytobeacompetitorofvariousmessagingapps.DItislikelytoremainameansofbusinesscommunication.

23.AMakeatimelyresponse.CSeeifanyactionneedstobetaken.BSavethemessageintheirfile.DExaminetheinformationcarefully.

24.AItistobepassedon.CItcausesnoconcern.BItrequiresnoreply.DItismostlyjunk.

25.AMakeitasshortaspossible.CAvoidusingcapitalsforemphasis.BUsesimpleandclearlanguage.DAdoptaninformalstyleofwriting.PartIIIReadingComprehension40minutesSectionADirections:Inthissectionthereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.HaveyoueverusedemailtoapologizetoacolleagueDelivereda26toasubordinate下属withavoice-mailmessageFlownbyplaneacrossthecountryjusttodeliverimportantnewsinpersonThevariouscommunicationoptionsatourfingertipstodaycanbegoodfor27andproductivity—andatthesametimeverytroublesome.Withsomanywaystocommunicatehowshouldamanagerchoosetheonethat’sbest—28whenthemessagetobedeliveredisbadorunwelcomenewsfortherecipientWe’ve29businesscommunicationconsultantsandetiquette礼仪expertstocomeupwiththefollowingguidelinesfor30usingthealternativewaysofdeliveringdifficultmessages.Firstofallchoosehowpersonalyouwanttobe.Aface-to-facecommunicationisthemost

31.Otherchoicesindescendingorderofpersonalizationare:areal-timephonecallavoice-mailmessageahandwrittennoteatypewrittenletterandthemost32isemail.Someofthesemaychangeorderaccordingtothe33situationoryourownpreferences;forexampleahandwrittennotemightseemmorepersonalthanvoice-mail.Howdoyoudecideonthebestchoiceforthedifficultmessageyou’vegottodeliver“My34concernis:HowcanIsoftenorcivilizethismessage”saysetiquetteexpertDanaCasperson.“SowhenIapologizeIusuallychoosein-personfirstoraphoneconversationasmytopalternativeandmaybeahandwrittennotenext.ApologizingbyemailissomethingInowtotally

35.”AavoidIrewardBconvenienceJsilentCeffectivelyKspecificDescapeLsurveyedEintimateMunfriendlyFparticularlyNwarningGprimaryOwitnessedHpromptSectionBDirections:Inthissectionyouaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet

2.HowaPoorAbandonedParisianBoyBecameaTopChefAThebusystreetsinPariswereunevenandcakedinthickmudbuttherewasalwaysabreathtakingsighttoseeintheshopwindowsofPatisseriedelaRuedelaPaix.By1814peoplecrowdedoutsidethebakerystrainingforaglimpseofthelatestsweetfoodcreatedbytheyoungchefwhoworkedinside.BHisnamewasMarie-AntoineCarêmeandhehadappearedonedayalmostoutofnowhere.Butinhisshortlifetimewhichendedexactly184yearsagotodayhewouldforeverrevolutionizeFrenchgourmetfood美食writebest-sellingcookbooksandthinkupmagicaldishesforroyalsandotherimportantpeople.CCarême’schildhoodwasoneparttragedyequalpartmystery.Bornthe16thchildtopoorparentsinParisineither1783or1784ayoungCarêmewassuddenlyabandonedattheheightoftheFrenchRevolution.At8yearsoldheworkedasakitchenboyforarestaurantinParisinexchangeforroomandboard.Byage15hehadbecomeanapprentice学徒toSylvainBaillyawell-knowndessertchefwithasuccessfulbakeryinoneofParis’mostfashionableneighborhoods.DCarêmewasquickatlearninginthekitchen.Baillyencouragedhisyoungapprenticetolearntoreadandwrite.CarêmewouldoftenspendhisfreeafternoonsatthenearbyNationalLibraryreadingbooksonartandarchitecture.Inthebackroomofthelittlebakeryhisinterestindesignandhisbakingtalentcombinedtoworkwonders—heshapeddeliciousmasterpiecesoutofflourbutterandsugar.EInhisteenageyearsCarêmefashionedeatablecopiesofthelate18thcentury’smostfamousbuildings—cookiesintheshapeofruinsofancientAthensandpiesintheshapeofancientChinesepalacesandtemples.SylvainBaillyhismasterdisplayedtheseluxuriantcreations—oftenaslargeas4feettall—inhisbakerywindows.FCarême’screationssooncapturedthediscriminatingeyeofaFrenchdiplomatCharlesMauricedeTalleyrand-Périgord.Around1804TalleyrandchallengedCarêmetoproduceafullmenuforhispersonalcastleinstructingtheyoungbakertouselocalseasonalfruitsandvegetablesandtoavoidrepeatingmaindishesoverthecourseofanentireyear.TheexperimentwasagrandsuccessandTalleyrand’sassociationwithFrenchnobilitywouldproveaprofitableconnectionforCarême.GFrenchEmperorNapoleonBonapartewasknowntobeunimpressedbythedecliningtasteofearly18thcenturycookingbutunderpressuretoentertainParis’highsocietyhetoocalledCarêmetohiskitchenatTuileriesPalace.In1810CarêmedesignedtheextraordinarycakefortheweddingofNapoleonandhissecondbrideMarie-LouiseofAustria.Hebecameoneofthefirstmodernchefstofocusontheappearanceofhistablenotjusttheflavorofhisdishes.“Iwantorderandtaste.Awell-displayedmealisenhancedonehundredpercentinmyeyes”helaterwroteinoneofhiscookbooks.HIn1816Carêmebeganaculinary烹饪的journeywhichwouldforevermarkhisplaceashistory’sfirsttopchef.HevoyagedtoEnglandtocookinthemodernGreatKitchenoftheprinceregent摄政王GeorgeIVandcrossedcontinentstopreparegrandbanquetsforthetablesofTsarAlexanderIofRussia.NeverafraidtotalkuphisownaccomplishmentsaboastfulCarêmemadeafortuneaswealthyfamilieswithsocialambitionsinvitedhimtotheirkitchens.Laterinhiscookbookshewouldoftenincludeasketchofhimselfsothatpeopleonthestreetwouldbeabletorecognize—andadmire—him.ICarême’scookingdisplaysbecamethesymboloffineFrenchdining;theywereplentifulbeautifulandimposing.GuestswouldfallsilentinwonderasservantscarriedCarême’sfancycreationsintothedininghall.ForabanquetcelebratingtheGrandDukeNicholasofRussia’svisittoGeorgeIV’sBrightonPavilliononJan.181817themenufeatured120differentdisheshighlightingeightdifferentsoups40maincoursesand32desserts.JAshetraveledthroughthehomesofearly19thcenturynobilityCarêmeforgedthenewartofFrenchgourmetfood.LockedinhotkitchensCarêmecreatedhisfour“mothersauces.”Thesesauces—béchamelveloutéespagnoleandallemande—formedthecentralbuildingblocksformanyFrenchmaincourses.Healsoperfectedthesoufflé—abakedeggdishandintroducedthestandardchef’suniform—thesamedouble-breastedwhitecoatandtallwhitehatstillwornbymanychefstoday.ThewhiteclothingconveyedanimageofcleanlinessaccordingtoCarême—andinhisrealmappearancewaseverything.KBetweenmealsCarêmewrotecookbooksthatwouldbeusedinEuropeankitchensforthenextcentury.HismanualsincludingTheRoyalParisianBakerandthemassivefive-volumeArtofFrenchCookingSeries1833-1847completedafterhisdeathfirstsystematizedmanybasicprinciplesofcookingcompletewithdrawingsandstep-by-stepdirections.LongbeforetelevisioncookingshowsCarêmewalkedreadersthroughcommonkitchentasksinstructingthemto“trythisforyourselfathome”asfamousAmericanChefJuliaChildmightdomanyyearslater.LIntheendhoweveritwasthekitchenthatdidCarêmein.Decadesofworkingovercoalfiresintightclosedspaceswithlittlefreshairtoensurehisdisheswouldnotgetcoldhadfatallydamagedhislungs.OnJan.121833Carêmediedjustbeforeheturned

50.MButinhislifetimeCarêmeeverconfidentcouldseebeyondhisshortdominationinthekitchen.Hewantedto“setthestandardforbeautyinclassicalandmoderncookingandprovetothedistantfuturethattheFrenchchefsofthe19thcenturywerethemostfamousintheworld”ashewroteinhispapers.NDecadeslaterchefAugusteEscoffierwouldbuilduponCarême’sconceptofFrenchcuisine烹饪.ButintheverybeginningtherewasjustCarêmethetopchefwhoelevateddiningintoart.

36.Carêmewasamongthefirstchefswhostressedboththeappearanceandflavorofdishes.

37.CarêmewantedtoshowtolatergenerationsthatFrenchchefsofhistimeweremostoutstandingintheworld.

38.CarêmebenefitedgreatlyfromservingaFrenchdiplomatandhisconnections.

39.CarêmelearnedhistradefromafamousdesertchefinParis.

40.Carême’screativeworkswereexhibitedintheshopwindowsbyhismaster.

41.Carême’sknowledgeofartandarchitecturehelpedhimcreateextraordinarydessertsoutofordinaryingredients.

42.ManypeopleinPariswereeagertohavealookatthelatestsweetfoodmadebyCarême.

43.Carêmebecameextremelywealthybycookingforrichandsociallyambitiousfamilies.

44.Carême’swritingdealtwiththefundamentalcookingprinciplesinasystematicway.

45.Carême’scontributiontoFrenchcookingwasrevolutionary.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedABCandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Roughlythesizeofasodacansittingonabookshelfarelativelyharmlessgadgetmaybeturningfriendsawayfromyourhome.TheelephantinyourlivingroomisyourInternet-connectedsecuritycameraadevicepeopleareincreasinglyusingforpeaceofmindintheirhomes.Butfewstoptothinkabouttheeffectthesedevicesmayhaveonhouseguests.Shouldyoutellyourfriendsforinstancethatthey’rebeingrecordedwhileyouallwatchthebiggametogether“It’scertainlynewterritoryespeciallyashomesecuritycamerasbecomeeasiertoinstall”saysLizziePostpresidentoftheEmilyPostInstituteAmerica’sforemostmannersadvisors.“Ithinkitwillbeveryinterestingtoseewhatetiquette礼仪emergesintermsofwhetheryoutellpeopleyouhaveacameraornotandwhetherguestshavearighttoaskthatitbeturnedoffifit’snotasecurityissue.”Postwantstomakeclearthatshe’snottalkingaboutlegalrightsbutratherpersonalpreferences.Shealsowantstoexplainthattherearenorightorwronganswersregardingmannersonthisfrontyetbecausethetechnologyisjustnowbecomingmainstream.BesidestheEmilyPostInstitutedoesn’tdictatemanners.WhenitcomestosecuritycamerasPostsaysit’sahost’sresponsibilitytomakesureguestsfeelcomfortablewithintheirhome.“I’malwaysafanofbeingopenandhonest.”Forinstanceifthehostcasuallyacknowledgesthatthereisacameraintheroombytellingastoryaboutitthatmaybeenoughtoprovideanopeningforaguesttosayiftheyareuncomfortable.Howeverifacontractorisworkinginyourhomeyoudon’tneedtotellthemthattherearecameraswatching.Thenagaintheairofaccountabilitythatthecamerageneratescanalsoworkincontractors’favor.“Ifanythingdoesgowrongwhilethey’reinthehousetheydon’twanttobeblamedforit”shesays.“Infactthecameracouldbethethingthatprovesthattheydidn’tstealthe$20orknockthevaseoffthetable.”

46.ForwhatreasonmayyourfriendsfeelreluctanttovisityourhomeAThesecuritycamerainstalledmayintrudeintotheirprivacy.BTheydon’twanttheirphotostobecirculatedontheInternet.CThesecuritycameramayturnouttobeharmfultotheirhealth.DTheymaynotbewillingtointeractwithyourfamilymembers.

47.WhatdoesLizziePostsayisnewterritoryATheeffectofmannersadviceonthepublic.CTheincreasinguseofhomesecuritydevices.BCostofapplyingnewtechnologiesathome.DEtiquettearoundhomesecuritycameras.

48.WhatisLizziePostmainlydiscussingwithregardtotheuseofhomesecuritycamerasALegalrights.CLikesanddislikesofindividuals.BMoralissues.DThepossibleimpactonmanners.

49.Whatisahost’sresponsibilityregardingsecuritycamerasaccordingtoLizziePostAMakingtheirguestsfeelatease.CTurningthemoffintime.BIndicatingwheretheyare.DEnsuringtheirguests’privacy.

50.InwhatwaycanthehomesecuritycamerabenefitvisitorstoyourhomeAItcansatisfytheircuriosity.CItcanhelpthemlearnnewtechnology.BItcanprovetheirinnocence.DItcanmaketheirvisitmoreenjoyable.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.PepsiCoistospendbillionsofdollarstodevelopdrinksandsnacksandreformulateexistingoneswithlowersugarsaltandfatasconsumersdemandhealthieroptionsandregulatorypressureintensifiesamidanobesityepidemic流行病.ThemakerofMountainDewandGatoradehasbeenoneoftheearliermoversintheindustrytoofferproductswithreducedlevelsofunhealthyingredients—PepsiCoclaimsapacketofitschipsnowcontainslesssaltthanasliceofwhitebread.Howeveritsnew10-yearplanmakesclearitbelievesitstillhasalongwaytogo.Shiftingeatinghabitsincludingasharpdropinconsumptionofsparklingdrinkshaveforcedradicalchangeontheindustry.Butthoseshiftshaveyettobereflectedinrecordobesitylevelswhichstandat

36.5%overallintheUS.IndraNooyiPepsiCochairmansaidtheplantomakeitsproductshealthierwasimportantforthecompany’sgrowth.Butonthesubjectofobesityshepointedoutthatconsumers’lifestyleshavechangedsignificantlywithmanypeoplebeingmoresedentary（久坐不动的）notleastbecausemoretimeisspentinfrontofcomputers.ShesaidPepsiCo’scontributionwastoproducehealthiersnacksthatstilltastedgood.“Societyhastochangeitshabits”sheadded.“Wecan’tdomuchtoaltersedentarylifestylesbutwecanprovideconsumerswithgreat-tastingproductslowinsaltsugarandfat.Inthepastwehadtohaveatastetrade-off.Butwe’rebreakingthattrade-off.”PepsiCo’splanforitsfoodsanddrinksisbasedonguidelinesfromtheWorldHealthOrganisationwhichlastweekbackedusingtaxesonsparklingdrinkstoreducesugarconsumption.Initiativesalsoincludeeffortstoreduceitsenvironmentalimpactwaterconsumptionandmaterialsusedinpackagingby

2025.PepsiCodidnotsayexactlyhowmuchitplannedtoinvesttoreachitsgoals.HoweverDrMehmoodKhanchiefscientificofficersaidthecompanyhaddoubledresearchanddevelopmentspendinginthepastfiveyearsandwas“committedtosustaininginvestment”addingthatcompaniescannotcost-cuttheirwaytoincreasingsales.PepsiCo’sresearchanddevelopmentbudgetin2015was$754million.

51.WhyisPepsiComakingapolicychangeATowinsupportfromthefederalgovernment.CTosatisfythegrowingneedsforhealthyfoods.BTobemorecompetitiveintheglobalmarket.DToinvestmorewiselyinthesoftdrinkindustry.

52.WhatdoesPepsiCothinkitwillhavetodointhefutureAInvestmoretodevelopnewsnacks.CChangeconsumers’eatinghabits.BReducelevelsofobesityintheUS.DKeeponimprovingitsproducts.

53.WhydoesPepsiCoplantoalteritsproductsaccordingtoIndraNooyiAToensurethecompany’sfuturedevelopment.CTohelpimproveitsconsumers’lifestyles.BToadapttoitscustomers’changedtaste.DTobreakthetrade-offinitsproductdesign.

54.WhatdoesIndraNooyisayabouttheobesityepidemicAItismainlycausedbyoverconsumptionofsnacks.CItisattributabletopeople’schangedlifestyles.BItresultsfromhighsugarandsaltconsumption.DIthasalottodowithlongerworkinghours.

55.WhathasPepsiCobeendoingtoachieveitsobjectiveAStudyingWHO’sguidelines.CExpandingitsmarketoverseas.BIncreasingitsresearchfunding.DCuttingitsproductioncosts.PartIVTranslation30minutesDirections:Forthispartyouareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet

2.越来越多的中国人现在的确离不开手机了他们中的许多人，包括老年人，都使用手机应用程序（apps）保持联系并拓宽朋友圈他们也用手机购物、查找信息，因为手机便于携带此外，使用手机应用程序通信比传统电话便宜然而，这种新趋势导致人们在社交时过度依赖手机事实上，一些年轻人已经变得十分上瘾，以至于忽视了与家人和朋友面对面的交流。